318 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
318 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
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Hardware Spinlock Framework
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1. Introduction
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Hardware spinlock modules provide hardware assistance for synchronization
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and mutual exclusion between heterogeneous processors and those not operating
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under a single, shared operating system.
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For example, OMAP4 has dual Cortex-A9, dual Cortex-M3 and a C64x+ DSP,
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each of which is running a different Operating System (the master, A9,
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is usually running Linux and the slave processors, the M3 and the DSP,
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are running some flavor of RTOS).
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A generic hwspinlock framework allows platform-independent drivers to use
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the hwspinlock device in order to access data structures that are shared
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between remote processors, that otherwise have no alternative mechanism
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to accomplish synchronization and mutual exclusion operations.
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This is necessary, for example, for Inter-processor communications:
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on OMAP4, cpu-intensive multimedia tasks are offloaded by the host to the
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remote M3 and/or C64x+ slave processors (by an IPC subsystem called Syslink).
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To achieve fast message-based communications, a minimal kernel support
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is needed to deliver messages arriving from a remote processor to the
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appropriate user process.
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This communication is based on simple data structures that is shared between
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the remote processors, and access to it is synchronized using the hwspinlock
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module (remote processor directly places new messages in this shared data
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structure).
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A common hwspinlock interface makes it possible to have generic, platform-
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independent, drivers.
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2. User API
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struct hwspinlock *hwspin_lock_request(void);
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- dynamically assign an hwspinlock and return its address, or NULL
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in case an unused hwspinlock isn't available. Users of this
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API will usually want to communicate the lock's id to the remote core
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before it can be used to achieve synchronization.
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Should be called from a process context (might sleep).
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struct hwspinlock *hwspin_lock_request_specific(unsigned int id);
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- assign a specific hwspinlock id and return its address, or NULL
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if that hwspinlock is already in use. Usually board code will
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be calling this function in order to reserve specific hwspinlock
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ids for predefined purposes.
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Should be called from a process context (might sleep).
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int of_hwspin_lock_get_id(struct device_node *np, int index);
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- retrieve the global lock id for an OF phandle-based specific lock.
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This function provides a means for DT users of a hwspinlock module
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to get the global lock id of a specific hwspinlock, so that it can
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be requested using the normal hwspin_lock_request_specific() API.
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The function returns a lock id number on success, -EPROBE_DEFER if
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the hwspinlock device is not yet registered with the core, or other
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error values.
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Should be called from a process context (might sleep).
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int hwspin_lock_free(struct hwspinlock *hwlock);
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- free a previously-assigned hwspinlock; returns 0 on success, or an
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appropriate error code on failure (e.g. -EINVAL if the hwspinlock
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is already free).
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Should be called from a process context (might sleep).
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int hwspin_lock_timeout(struct hwspinlock *hwlock, unsigned int timeout);
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- lock a previously-assigned hwspinlock with a timeout limit (specified in
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msecs). If the hwspinlock is already taken, the function will busy loop
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waiting for it to be released, but give up when the timeout elapses.
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption is disabled so
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the caller must not sleep, and is advised to release the hwspinlock as
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soon as possible, in order to minimize remote cores polling on the
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hardware interconnect.
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Returns 0 when successful and an appropriate error code otherwise (most
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notably -ETIMEDOUT if the hwspinlock is still busy after timeout msecs).
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The function will never sleep.
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int hwspin_lock_timeout_irq(struct hwspinlock *hwlock, unsigned int timeout);
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- lock a previously-assigned hwspinlock with a timeout limit (specified in
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msecs). If the hwspinlock is already taken, the function will busy loop
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waiting for it to be released, but give up when the timeout elapses.
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption and the local
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interrupts are disabled, so the caller must not sleep, and is advised to
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release the hwspinlock as soon as possible.
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Returns 0 when successful and an appropriate error code otherwise (most
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notably -ETIMEDOUT if the hwspinlock is still busy after timeout msecs).
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The function will never sleep.
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int hwspin_lock_timeout_irqsave(struct hwspinlock *hwlock, unsigned int to,
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unsigned long *flags);
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- lock a previously-assigned hwspinlock with a timeout limit (specified in
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msecs). If the hwspinlock is already taken, the function will busy loop
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waiting for it to be released, but give up when the timeout elapses.
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption is disabled,
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local interrupts are disabled and their previous state is saved at the
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given flags placeholder. The caller must not sleep, and is advised to
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release the hwspinlock as soon as possible.
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Returns 0 when successful and an appropriate error code otherwise (most
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notably -ETIMEDOUT if the hwspinlock is still busy after timeout msecs).
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The function will never sleep.
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int hwspin_trylock(struct hwspinlock *hwlock);
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- attempt to lock a previously-assigned hwspinlock, but immediately fail if
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it is already taken.
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption is disabled so
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caller must not sleep, and is advised to release the hwspinlock as soon as
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possible, in order to minimize remote cores polling on the hardware
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interconnect.
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Returns 0 on success and an appropriate error code otherwise (most
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notably -EBUSY if the hwspinlock was already taken).
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The function will never sleep.
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int hwspin_trylock_irq(struct hwspinlock *hwlock);
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- attempt to lock a previously-assigned hwspinlock, but immediately fail if
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it is already taken.
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption and the local
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interrupts are disabled so caller must not sleep, and is advised to
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release the hwspinlock as soon as possible.
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Returns 0 on success and an appropriate error code otherwise (most
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notably -EBUSY if the hwspinlock was already taken).
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The function will never sleep.
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int hwspin_trylock_irqsave(struct hwspinlock *hwlock, unsigned long *flags);
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- attempt to lock a previously-assigned hwspinlock, but immediately fail if
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it is already taken.
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption is disabled,
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the local interrupts are disabled and their previous state is saved
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at the given flags placeholder. The caller must not sleep, and is advised
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to release the hwspinlock as soon as possible.
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Returns 0 on success and an appropriate error code otherwise (most
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notably -EBUSY if the hwspinlock was already taken).
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The function will never sleep.
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void hwspin_unlock(struct hwspinlock *hwlock);
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- unlock a previously-locked hwspinlock. Always succeed, and can be called
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from any context (the function never sleeps). Note: code should _never_
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unlock an hwspinlock which is already unlocked (there is no protection
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against this).
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void hwspin_unlock_irq(struct hwspinlock *hwlock);
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- unlock a previously-locked hwspinlock and enable local interrupts.
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The caller should _never_ unlock an hwspinlock which is already unlocked.
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Doing so is considered a bug (there is no protection against this).
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption and local
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interrupts are enabled. This function will never sleep.
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void
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hwspin_unlock_irqrestore(struct hwspinlock *hwlock, unsigned long *flags);
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- unlock a previously-locked hwspinlock.
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The caller should _never_ unlock an hwspinlock which is already unlocked.
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Doing so is considered a bug (there is no protection against this).
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Upon a successful return from this function, preemption is reenabled,
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and the state of the local interrupts is restored to the state saved at
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the given flags. This function will never sleep.
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int hwspin_lock_get_id(struct hwspinlock *hwlock);
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- retrieve id number of a given hwspinlock. This is needed when an
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hwspinlock is dynamically assigned: before it can be used to achieve
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mutual exclusion with a remote cpu, the id number should be communicated
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to the remote task with which we want to synchronize.
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Returns the hwspinlock id number, or -EINVAL if hwlock is null.
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3. Typical usage
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#include <linux/hwspinlock.h>
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#include <linux/err.h>
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int hwspinlock_example1(void)
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{
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struct hwspinlock *hwlock;
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int ret;
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/* dynamically assign a hwspinlock */
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hwlock = hwspin_lock_request();
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if (!hwlock)
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...
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id = hwspin_lock_get_id(hwlock);
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/* probably need to communicate id to a remote processor now */
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/* take the lock, spin for 1 sec if it's already taken */
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ret = hwspin_lock_timeout(hwlock, 1000);
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if (ret)
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...
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/*
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* we took the lock, do our thing now, but do NOT sleep
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*/
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/* release the lock */
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hwspin_unlock(hwlock);
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/* free the lock */
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ret = hwspin_lock_free(hwlock);
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if (ret)
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...
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return ret;
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}
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int hwspinlock_example2(void)
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{
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struct hwspinlock *hwlock;
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int ret;
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/*
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* assign a specific hwspinlock id - this should be called early
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* by board init code.
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*/
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hwlock = hwspin_lock_request_specific(PREDEFINED_LOCK_ID);
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if (!hwlock)
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...
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/* try to take it, but don't spin on it */
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ret = hwspin_trylock(hwlock);
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if (!ret) {
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pr_info("lock is already taken\n");
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return -EBUSY;
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}
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/*
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* we took the lock, do our thing now, but do NOT sleep
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*/
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/* release the lock */
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hwspin_unlock(hwlock);
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/* free the lock */
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ret = hwspin_lock_free(hwlock);
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if (ret)
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...
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return ret;
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}
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4. API for implementors
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int hwspin_lock_register(struct hwspinlock_device *bank, struct device *dev,
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const struct hwspinlock_ops *ops, int base_id, int num_locks);
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- to be called from the underlying platform-specific implementation, in
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order to register a new hwspinlock device (which is usually a bank of
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numerous locks). Should be called from a process context (this function
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might sleep).
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Returns 0 on success, or appropriate error code on failure.
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int hwspin_lock_unregister(struct hwspinlock_device *bank);
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- to be called from the underlying vendor-specific implementation, in order
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to unregister an hwspinlock device (which is usually a bank of numerous
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locks).
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Should be called from a process context (this function might sleep).
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Returns the address of hwspinlock on success, or NULL on error (e.g.
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if the hwspinlock is still in use).
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5. Important structs
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struct hwspinlock_device is a device which usually contains a bank
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of hardware locks. It is registered by the underlying hwspinlock
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implementation using the hwspin_lock_register() API.
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/**
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* struct hwspinlock_device - a device which usually spans numerous hwspinlocks
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* @dev: underlying device, will be used to invoke runtime PM api
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* @ops: platform-specific hwspinlock handlers
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* @base_id: id index of the first lock in this device
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* @num_locks: number of locks in this device
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* @lock: dynamically allocated array of 'struct hwspinlock'
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*/
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struct hwspinlock_device {
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struct device *dev;
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const struct hwspinlock_ops *ops;
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int base_id;
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int num_locks;
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struct hwspinlock lock[0];
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};
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struct hwspinlock_device contains an array of hwspinlock structs, each
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of which represents a single hardware lock:
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/**
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* struct hwspinlock - this struct represents a single hwspinlock instance
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* @bank: the hwspinlock_device structure which owns this lock
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* @lock: initialized and used by hwspinlock core
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* @priv: private data, owned by the underlying platform-specific hwspinlock drv
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*/
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struct hwspinlock {
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struct hwspinlock_device *bank;
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spinlock_t lock;
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void *priv;
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};
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When registering a bank of locks, the hwspinlock driver only needs to
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set the priv members of the locks. The rest of the members are set and
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initialized by the hwspinlock core itself.
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6. Implementation callbacks
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There are three possible callbacks defined in 'struct hwspinlock_ops':
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struct hwspinlock_ops {
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int (*trylock)(struct hwspinlock *lock);
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void (*unlock)(struct hwspinlock *lock);
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void (*relax)(struct hwspinlock *lock);
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};
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The first two callbacks are mandatory:
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The ->trylock() callback should make a single attempt to take the lock, and
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return 0 on failure and 1 on success. This callback may _not_ sleep.
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The ->unlock() callback releases the lock. It always succeed, and it, too,
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may _not_ sleep.
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The ->relax() callback is optional. It is called by hwspinlock core while
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spinning on a lock, and can be used by the underlying implementation to force
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a delay between two successive invocations of ->trylock(). It may _not_ sleep.
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